Further laboratory testing conducted in collaboration with the New York State Department of Health concluded that the initial result was a false positive, caused by “sporadic lead contamination at the laboratory during analysis” and not contamination of the product itself.

While this product does not pose a public health concern, lead exposure remains an important issue, especially for young children. Parents are advised to contact their child’s healthcare provider if they are concerned about potential exposure, and to contact the company with any questions.

Read the full updated announcement here

On April 1st, the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) issued a public health alert for Great Value Fully Cooked Dino Shaped Chicken Breast Nuggets due to potential lead contamination. The affected product is packaged in 29 oz (1.81 lbs) plastic bags containing approximately 36 pieces. Consumers should check for the following details on the back of the packaging: 

• “BEST IF USED BY” date: FEB 10 2027
• Lot Code “0416DPO1215”
• Establishment number “P44164” 

Images Source: USDA

Why is This a Concern? 

Frozen foods, such as chicken nuggets, are a quick and convenient option for busy families. Dinosaur-shaped nuggets are especially popular among young children, making this public health alert particularly concerning. Although the product is no longer available for purchase, families may still have it at home. The affected chicken nuggets were produced on February 10, 2026, and distributed to Walmart stores across the nation. It is currently unclear when the product was removed from store shelves. 

Testing identified lead levels of approximately 147 parts per billion (ppb)* in the product. However, it is still unclear whether this measurement reflects a single serving or an individual nugget. For context, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration interim reference level for children is 2.2 micrograms of lead per day (mcg/day) for food. This represents the maximum daily intake from food that is not expected to cause harmful health effects. Depending on how much is consumed, a single serving could exceed the FDA’s daily reference level for lead in children several times over.

No recall has been issued at this time, but families are advised not to consume this product, as there is no safe level of lead exposure. 

Infants and young children face the highest risk of lead exposure. Even small amounts of lead can harm their growth, learning, and development. Pregnant people are also at risk for exposure, as lead can cross the placenta through the bloodstream and reach the unborn baby. Lead in the body can also transfer to their baby during breastfeeding due to low calcium levels. Parents should check their freezers and take these next steps to protect their family from lead:

What Should You Do?

1. Call your healthcare provider if you are concerned about potential lead exposure and ask about a blood lead level test. 
2. Questions? Contact John Patrick Lopez, Vice President, Strategy, Communications & Government Affairs, Dorada Foods, at john.patrick@lopezdorada.com. 

*What’s a “ppb”?

“Parts per billion” refers to a unit used to measure tiny amounts of a substance in food, water, or the environment. It can be tough to picture. Imagine 1 ppb as:

• 1 penny in $10 million
• 1 second in 32 years
• 1 drop of water in a swimming pool

The post Lead Risk Alert: Great Value Dino Shaped Chicken Nuggets appeared first on Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

Taken together, these findings highlight battery recycling in Ogijo as a growing public health concern for workers, families, and nearby communities.

Environmental and Occupational Pathways

Investigators documented several ways that people in Ogijo are being exposed to lead. Inside battery-recycling plants, workers dismantle used batteries by hand and handle acid and molten lead with damaged or entirely without protective equipment. Many of these people work in facilities with cracked floors, open waste piles, and poor ventilation.^2,4 These conditions allow lead dust and fumes to spread beyond factory grounds.

Residents reported black dust settling on vegetable gardens, rooftops, and indoor surfaces. Adults and children described health problems commonly associated with lead exposure, including headaches, abdominal pain, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. Testing of soil and dust from homes, farms, and a nearby schoolyard showed that contamination extended into residential areas.¹ Investigators also noted the risk of “take-home” exposure, in which workers carry lead dust home on their clothes, skin, or shoes. Nigeria’s National Environmental (Battery Control) Regulations 2024 require battery-recycling facilities to conduct blood-lead testing of workers at least twice a year and require that workers handling used batteries wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).² However, at least one worker told investigators he had been tested only once and was never informed of his results; multiple workers reported that protective gear is rarely provided or enforced on the job.² These conditions increase the risk of both workplace exposure and take-home contamination.

Global and Local Context

Nigeria is one of Africa’s major exporters of recycled lead. Reporting by PREMIUM TIMES and The Examination shows that companies operating in Ogijo, including True Metals Nigeria Limited, exported recycled lead to countries such as Spain, South Korea, India, and the United States in recent years.² Trade records reviewed during the investigation indicate that the United States imports substantial amounts of recycled lead from Nigeria, much of it used in car battery production.² Investigations by The Examination and The New York Times traced some Nigerian recycled lead into international battery supply chains linked to major U.S. automakers, including Ford, General Motors, and Tesla.^1,4

Local leaders and residents in Ogijo have raised concerns about pollution from the recycling plants for years. Community members described longstanding environmental impacts on their neighborhoods and concerns about children spending time near contaminated areas. Many residents said they want the factories to operate more safely rather than shut down completely, as many families depend on the plants for income.

Following the release of soil and blood testing results, Nigeria’s environmental authorities sealed several battery-recycling facilities, including True Metals, in 2025.²  Residents later reported that some operations resumed and that conditions in the area showed little visible improvement.

Impact on Children and Families

Children are especially vulnerable to lead exposure. Testing conducted during the investigation found that 8 of the 14 children tested had blood lead levels above 5 µg/dL.² Health experts note that lead exposure at these levels (above 5 µg/dL) is linked to problems with learning, behavior, and development.

Adults living near the recycling plants described ongoing health problems, including fatigue, stomach pain, and memory difficulties. Residents also reported that black soot regularly settles on homes and outdoor surfaces, a visible sign of ongoing pollution.

Community members expressed serious concern about the long-term effects of exposure on their families, particularly children. Several families said they worried about their children’s future health and development and felt unable to move away from contaminated areas because of financial constraints.

Limited Capacity to Respond

Nigeria introduced new environmental regulations in 2024, but enforcement has been uneven. After blood and environmental testing results were shared, some residents said they received iron supplements and brief medical guidance. The investigations did not document access to specialized medical treatment for people with very high blood lead levels.

In 2025, during a government inspection, the Minister of State for Labour and Employment ordered True Metals Nigeria Limited shut down, citing “hazardous and dehumanising conditions,” including unprotected exposure to fumes and unsafe working environments.⁵ Despite these actions, reporting shows that comprehensive cleanup efforts, long-term medical follow-up, and relocation assistance for affected families have not been fully put in place.

Opportunities for Action

Research findings point to several areas where improvements could reduce exposure:

• Enforce Nigeria’s battery recycling and occupational health regulations consistently.
• Require regular and transparent worker blood lead testing.
• Expand access to blood lead level testing for children and families.
• Improve dust control, ventilation systems, and waste management at recycling plants.
• Remediate contaminated soil in residential neighborhoods, farms, and school areas.
• Strengthen oversight of recycled lead used in international battery supply chains.
• Provide community education and follow-up medical support for exposed families.

Increased attention from investigators, journalists, public health researchers, and community advocates has helped bring Ogijo’s lead contamination into public view. Continued efforts from government agencies, local leaders, and global partners will be important to protect families and support safer recycling practices in the future.

References

1. Goodman, Peter S, Fitzgibbon, Will, Granados, Samuel. The Auto Industry’s Lead Recycling Program is Poisoning People – The New York Times. 2025. Accessed February 5, 2026. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/11/18/world/africa/lead-poisoning-car-battery.html
2. Olawoyin, Oladeinde, Ogunrinde, Folashade. INVESTIGATION: Poor oversight, regulatory failure expose Nigerians to slow death from battery recycling (2). 2025. Accessed February 5, 2026. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/838527-investigation-poor-oversight-regulatory-failure-expose-nigerians-to-slow-death-from-battery-recycling-2.html
3. World Health Organization. Lead Poisoning. World Health Organization; 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health
4. Fitzgibbon, Will, Goodman, Peter S. Car battery recycling is fueling lead poisoning in Nigeria | The Examination. Accessed February 5, 2026. https://www.theexamination.org/articles/battery-recycling-nigeria-lead-poisoning-us-automakers
5. Ogunrinde, Folashade. Lead Poison: Nigerian govt shuts down recycling company after PREMIUM TIMES/The Examination investigation. 2025. Accessed February 5, 2026. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/838649-lead-poison-nigerian-govt-shuts-down-recycling-company-after-premium-times-the-examination-investigation.html

The post Understanding Lead Contamination from Battery Recycling in Ogijo, Nigeria appeared first on Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

Product Name	Details	Recall Details	Images
Block and Cursive Handwriting Practice Kits	About 19,700 online at thekiddospacestore.com and Amazon from February 2024 through February 2025 for between $24 and $50.	The nib of the pens in these kits contain lead levels above the federal lead content ban.
Rectangular and Animal Shaped Talking Flashcard Toy	About 4,000 units sold online at thekiddospacestore.com and Amazon from October 2023 through February 2025 for between $30 and $50.	These toys contain lead and phthalate levels above federal safety limits and do not meet required safety standards for battery-operated toys.
Felt Christmas Tree Toy Play Sets	About 300 units sold online at thekiddospacestore.com from November 2023 through February 2025 for between $13 and $40.	This toy contains lead levels above the federal lead content ban and does not meet required safety standards for battery-operated toys.

Why Is This a Concern?

There is no safe level of exposure to heavy metals. Small amounts of lead in a child’s body can lead to permanent health and developmental effects, such as learning disorders, developmental delays, and other long-term health problems. Lead can build up in the body over time, which can lead to kidney dysfunction, hypertension, and neurocognitive effects in adulthood. Lead exposure is also harmful to pregnant people and their unborn baby. 

Similarly, phthalate exposure also increases children’s risk to learning, attention, and behavioral problems.¹ It can also increase the risk of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, low birth weight, and even pregnancy loss.² 

What Should You Do?

1. Keep the products away from children immediately. 
2. Return to the place of purchase OR follow the instructions below and contact info@thekiddospace.com for a full refund or replacement.
   • Handwriting Practice Kits: Safely dispose of pens and refills and send a photo of the disposed products to the company.
   • Animal Talking Flashcard Toy: Write “RECALLED” in permanent marker on the unit and submit a photo to the company to receive a replacement toy of at least equal value, then safely dispose of the toy.
   • Rectangular Talking Flashcard Toy: Cut the USB cable and submit a photo of it to the company to receive a free replacement, then safely dispose of the cable. 
   • Felt Christmas Tree Toy: Write “RECALLED” on the tree and storage box and submit a photo to the company, then safely dispose of the toy. 
3. Call your healthcare provider if you are concerned about potential lead exposure and ask about a blood lead level test. 

Read the official CPSC announcements below:

• Handwriting Practice Kits
• Talking Flashcard Toys
• Felt Christmas Tree Toy

References

1. Engel SM, Patisaul HB, Brody C, et al. Neurotoxicity of Ortho-Phthalates: Recommendations for Critical Policy Reforms to Protect Brain Development in Children. Am J Public Health. 2021;111(4):687-695. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.306014 
2. Hlisníková, H., Petrovičová, I., Kolena, B., Šidlovská, M., & Sirotkin, A. (2020). Effects and Mechanisms of Phthalates’ Action on Reproductive Processes and Reproductive Health: A Literature Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(18), 6811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186811

The post Voluntary Lead Recall: TheKiddoSpace Children’s Learn and Play Toys appeared first on Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element found in soil. It can also enter water and air through natural processes and human activity. Because it is widely present in the environment, trace amounts are found in many crops. Unlike most crops, however, rice is commonly grown in flooded fields. As rice grows, it can absorb and accumulate arsenic (and other heavy metals) from both the soil and irrigation water. Over time, this can lead to higher arsenic concentrations compared to other grains.

In recent years, some progress has been made in protecting children from arsenic exposure in the U.S. In 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) finalized an action level of 100 parts per billion (ppb*) for arsenic in infant rice cereal. The FDA determined that this level is both protective and achievable with current industry practices^4,5. This move encouraged many companies to reduce arsenic levels in their rice cereal products, and some states went even further by removing infant rice cereal from nutrition assistance programs.

However, these protections fall short of addressing the bigger issue: arsenic in rice itself. While infant rice cereal has received attention, rice is actually the leading source of arsenic from solid foods for children⁶. Unlike rice cereal, rice is eaten across all ages and throughout the lifespan, often multiple times per week. Yet, there are still no federal limits on arsenic in rice. This gap matters because without standards, families have no easy way of knowing which rice options are safer, and manufacturers have little incentive to lower arsenic levels.

To better understand the scope of the problem in the U.S., Healthy Babies Bright Futures (HBBF) published a first-of-its-kind study analyzing heavy metals in rice⁶. The study tested 145 samples from 105 brands of rice and other grains purchased from grocery stores across 20 U.S. cities. The results not only shed light on the persistence of arsenic contamination but also highlight the presence of other heavy metals in rice, including cadmium, lead, and mercury. 

HBBF’s Research: Key Findings from the Samples

Heavy metals were found in every brand of rice tested

Heavy metals were detected in every brand of rice tested, though levels varied widely by rice type and the region in which they were grown. Arsenic was found in all of the 145 rice samples tested, including both U.S.-grown and imported rice. More than one in four rice samples (28%) contained arsenic levels above the FDA’s 100 ppb action level for infant rice cereal. California-grown rice, Thai jasmine rice, and Indian basmati rice were among the lower-arsenic options.

In addition to arsenic, three other toxic metals were detected: cadmium, lead, and mercury. Cadmium was nearly as widespread as arsenic, appearing in all but one sample. Lead and mercury were less common but still present in over one-third of samples (34% and 39%, respectively). Although typically found at lower levels, lead and mercury were elevated in some samples, reaching up to 36 ppb for lead and 9 ppb for mercury.

Alternative grains contain less heavy metals than rice

HBBF tested 66 samples of nine rice alternatives, including quinoa, couscous, and barley. Across all non-rice grains, total heavy metal levels were consistently lower than those found in the 145 rice samples. On average, rice contained three times more total heavy metals than alternative grains, largely due to much higher arsenic levels.

These findings suggest that diets with a greater variety of grains may reduce total exposure to heavy metals.

Risks from pre-cooked rice

FDA and HBBG tests have both found that instant rice contains less arsenic than regular rice. However, these products raise other concerns. Instant rice may contain dimethylmonothioarsenate (DMMTA), a compound that results from arsenic binding with certain nutrients in rice, which may be more toxic than arsenic. Depending on the preparation method, parboiled rice may retain higher levels of arsenic, but consumers have no easy way of knowing which method was used. Lastly, ready-to-heat rice may absorb contaminants from the plastic packaging.

Why This Matters

While the risk of heavy metal poisoning from rice alone is generally low, the concern is with low-level exposures that add up over time. Chronic exposure, particularly during pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood, can affect children’s learning, behavior, and development. Heavy metals like arsenic and cadmium are also associated with increased cancer risk and heart disease⁶. Rice is just one source, but when small exposures from water, soil, consumer products, and other foods add up, the total can reach levels that affect health.

The issue is especially significant for Hispanic/Latino and Asian American families, for whom rice is often a daily staple. Among Asian American families, one in six eats rice twice a day or more⁵. Federal data show that children ages 0–2 in these groups may receive up to seven times more arsenic from rice than other children⁶. 

Until the FDA and states set protective limits and require transparent testing and labeling for rice, families can use HBBF’s tips to make safer choices to reduce exposure to heavy metals.

HBBF Recommendations 

If rice is a staple in your family’s diet, here are some steps HBBF recommends to keep the risk of heavy metal exposure as low as possible without completely cutting out rice from your meals:

• Rinse your rice or cook it like pasta: To help reduce arsenic in rice, rinse it several times before cooking. If feasible, soak the rice in water for at least 30 minutes, then drain and rinse it again. For an even greater reduction, cook it like pasta using extra water, and drain the excess water after cooking.

• Mix it up with other grains: Try quinoa, barley, couscous, or farro, which have much lower levels of heavy metals⁶. These grains are easy swaps for rice in many recipes.

• Try other rice varieties: California Calrose, Jasmine, and Basmati tend to have lower levels of heavy metals compared with other rice varieties.

• Limit precooked rice and rice-based processed foods: Unlike regular rice, instant rice and snacks, such as rice cakes and cereal bars, may contain arsenic that cannot be removed by boiling or draining it. It is best to limit eating these types of product.
• Balance rice plates with other nutrients: Pair rice with foods rich in iron, calcium, and vitamin C. These nutrients can help reduce the body’s absorption of heavy metals. Think lean meats, beans, lentils, yogurt, leafy greens, citrus, and peppers
  

Conclusion

Rice is deeply woven into cultures around the world; it’s at the heart of many beloved dishes and versatile enough to fit into countless new recipes. Because it is such an essential food, stronger and more protective standards to ensure it’s safe for everyone are critical.

While policy and industry changes take time, families can take simple steps today to reduce the risk of heavy metal exposure.

P.S. We love rice! The NvCLPPP team shared just some of our favorite rice-based dishes (see image below). I was delighted to learn how many different ways my colleagues enjoy rice for breakfast, lunch, dinner, dessert, and even as a snack. I now have two new dishes on my must-try list: Waakye and Biko. Yum!

*What’s a “ppb”?

“Parts per billion” refers to a unit of measurement used to quantify tiny amounts of something. It can be tough to picture. Imagine 1 ppb as:

• 1 penny in $10 million
• 1 inch in 15,738 miles
• 1 drop of water in a swimming pool

So when you hear “100 ppb arsenic” or “36 ppb of lead” think tiny amounts, but still important when it comes to children’s health. 

References

1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT: Food balances (2010– ). 2021 data summary. Published 2024. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS
2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Rice sector at a glance. Published 2025. https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/rice/rice-sector-at-a-glance
3. USA Rice. U.S. rice facts. https://www.usarice.com/thinkrice/discover-us-rice/us-rice-facts
4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Supporting document for action level for inorganic arsenic in infant rice cereals. https://www.fda.gov/food/chemical-metals-natural-toxins-pesticides-guidance-documents-regulations/supporting-document-action-level-inorganic-arsenic-rice-cereals-infants
5. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Arsenic in rice and rice products risk assessment report. Published 2016. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/FoodScienceResearch/RiskSafetyAssessment/UCM486543.pdf
6. Houlihan J, Naumoff K. What’s in your family’s rice? Arsenic, cadmium, and lead in popular rice brands—plus 9 safer grains to try. Healthy Babies Bright Futures. Published May 2025. https://hbbf.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/Arsenic-in-Rice-Report_May2025_R6_SECURED.pdf

The post Heavy metals in my rice? That’s not very nice! appeared first on Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

Product Name	Quantity	Description	Image
A-cook Aluminum Kadai size 5	43 pcs	Silver-toned, wok-style vessel with a wide, curved basin and no long handle
Aluminum Saucepan Wooden Handle 9”	56 pcs	Silver aluminum body with a 9-inch diameter and a wooden handle attached
4-Quart Pital Brass Pot	9 pcs	Dull or matte golden pot with a deep body and narrow mouth
Brass Tope	10 pcs	Standard stock pot with a bright, golden finish

Why Is This a Concern?

The recalled items were distributed to grocery stores throughout California, specifically in the Bay Area and Central Valley regions. Families in Nevada may still be affected by this recall if the item was purchased online, received from out-of-state retailers, or brought in by family and friends. Certain aluminum and brass cookware can release lead during cooking or food storage and contaminate food.

No illnesses have been reported to date. These cookware items are also included in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Imported Cookware Warning List. 

There is no safe level of lead. Symptoms may not always be obvious, but even small amounts can harm a child’s growth, learning, and development. Exposure to large amounts of lead may cause people to experience fatigue, headache, stomach pain, vomiting, or neurologic changes. Lead can also be dangerous for pregnant people and their unborn child. Parents should check their pantries and take these next steps to protect their family from lead exposure:

What Should You Do?

1. Do not use these products to cook, serve, or store food. 
2. Do not donate or refurbish these products.
3. Return the products for a full refund. 
4. Use stainless steel, cast iron, or other safer alternatives whenever possible. 
5. Look for certified “lead-free” labels when purchasing new cookware products. 
6. Call your healthcare provider if you are concerned about potential lead exposure and ask about a blood lead level test. 
7. Questions? Contact Town Food at 718-388-5650, Monday through Friday, 9 AM to 5 PM EST. 

Read the full FDA announcement here. 

The post Product Recall Announcement: IKM Aluminum & Brass Cookware appeared first on Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

454 g (1 lbs), UPC: 8853142000313, and Product Code: DPA159

910 g (2lbs), UPC: 8853142000320, and Product Code: DPA161

Why Is This a Concern?

Shrimp paste is a fermented seafood product made with either shrimp or krill.¹ It is widely used across various cultures, primarily in Southeast Asia, as a part of main dishes, side dishes, or as a condiment or seasoning. While heavy metals are not inherent to all shrimp pastes, lead can be present in polluted waters and contaminate the raw materials used in these products.¹

The product was directly distributed to retailers in Iowa and New Jersey between April and December 2023. While the product was not distributed in Nevada, families in Nevada may still be affected if the product was purchased online, received from out-of-state retailers, or brought in by family and friends. To date, four children with blood lead levels above the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s blood lead reference value of 3.5 micrograms per deciliter. 

There is no safe level of exposure to lead. Lead can build up in the body over time, and even small amounts in a child’s body can lead to permanent damage to the central nervous system. This can result in learning disorders, developmental delays, and other long-term health problems. Chronic lead exposure in adulthood is associated with kidney dysfunction, hypertension, and neurocognitive effects. It can also be harmful to pregnant people and their unborn baby. 

What Should You Do?

1. Do not serve this product. 
2. Return the product for a full refund. 
3. Call your healthcare provider if you are concerned about potential lead exposure and ask about a blood lead level test. 
4. Questions? Contact the company at (862) 264-6774 or at ings@gustofood.com, Monday to Friday, 8:30 AM – 5 PM ET. 

Read the full Recall Announcement here.

Reference

1. Nuanphuen P, Homkham N, Areekul V, Ivanovitch K, Norkaew S. Heavy metals contaminant of shrimp paste products and risk assessment in Thailand. Regional Studies in Marine Science. 2023; 67:103195. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103195. Accessed January 9, 2026. 

The post Product Recall Announcement: Klong Kone Shrimp Paste, 454 g and 910 g appeared first on Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

Take-home lead from clothing and accessories can transfer on to surfaces, furniture, and other everyday items, making the home environment a source of lead exposure. This can lead to adverse health effects for families, especially for young children who are more vulnerable due to their developing brains and bodies and frequent hand-to-mouth behaviors. 

Lead in Clothing and Textile Production

While clothing is not commonly thought of as a source of lead exposure, there are several ways lead can be introduced through items worn on the body. One such pathway is the use of lead in clothing and textile production. Heavy metals like lead are often used in the clothing industry to dye textiles and as finishing agents added for wrinkle resistance and flame retardancy.^1,2  

Research on lead in clothing and textile production is limited, but lead has historically been used in certain dyes, pigments, and decorative finishes. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), natural and manufactured textiles themselves are generally not expected to contain lead above federal limits.³ However, screen-printed designs and inks that cannot be removed are considered part of the garment and must comply with the federal limit of 100 parts per million (ppm) of total lead for children’s clothing set by the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act.³ In 2022, CPSC announced a recall of Bentex children’s clothing sets (left) for posing a significant lead exposure risk due to exceeding the federal lead paint and lead content ban.⁴

Another 2021 investigation by Canadian consumer watchdog program, Marketplace, found that out of 38 samples of children’s, adult’s, and maternity clothes and accessories from fast fashion retailers, one in five items had elevated levels of chemicals, including lead, phthalates, and PFAS.⁵ The items (left) included a toddler jacket and red purse from fast-fashion brand Shein that contained almost 20 and 5 times, respectively, the amount of lead deemed safe for children in Canada.⁵ While the companies swiftly removed the products identified as sources of lead exposure by authorities, the use of toxic heavy metals in the production of fashion items persists. 

Wearable Consumer Products and Accessories

Fashion accessories can also be a source of lead exposure. A report from the Center of Environmental Health (CEH) tested over 1,950 shoes, handbags, wallets, and belts suspected of containing lead from off-price retailers Ross and Burlington–businesses that sell brand-name and designer goods at low prices.⁶ Prior to this investigation, CEH routinely found lead-containing fashion accessories sold at these retailers. Their results found that more than 28% and 25% of the fashion accessories researchers purchased in 2022 from Ross and Burlington, respectively, contained lead levels above 300 ppm – three times higher than the federal limit set by CPSC.⁶

Several wearable consumer products and accessories have been recalled due to potential lead contamination. At the beginning of 2025, CPSC announced a recall of Yaoimiao children’s jewelry sets for containing lead and cadmium levels that exceed federal standards.⁷ Inexpensive children’s and costume jewelry imported and sold in the United States pose a major risk for young children.⁸ Due to young children’s hand-to-mouth behaviors, these accessories containing lead can increase the risk of exposure through normal play and everyday use. 

Take-Home Lead Exposure

Take-home lead exposure occurs when lead is unintentionally brought into the home from work or hobby environments. This can happen when family members who work with or around lead bring it home on their clothing, shoes, skin, hair, or in their vehicles. Certain occupations and hobbies are more likely to involve lead exposure, including construction, automobile repair, painting and renovation, battery manufacturing or recycling, mining, welding, and hobbies such as stained glass making, ceramics, or making fishing weights. Lead dust from these activities can settle on clothing and everyday items without being visible.⁹

Once inside the home, lead dust can transfer to floors, furniture, and other surfaces where children play. Young children are especially vulnerable because they frequently touch their surroundings and put their hands or objects into their mouths.¹⁰ Close contact with caregivers, such as hugging or sitting on laps, can also increase the risk of exposure. 

Who is At Risk

Young children under six years old can be exposed to lead through everyday items, including some clothing and wearable products. Lead can damage their brain, kidneys, and nervous system, impacting growth, development, and behavior patterns.¹⁰ Since lead can accumulate in the body over time, exposure during childhood may contribute to long-term health effects later in adulthood. Pregnant persons are also at risk for exposure, as lead can cross through the placenta through the bloodstream and impact critical stages of growth. Lead can also be released during breastfeeding when the body’s calcium levels are low.¹⁰

People who work closely with lead are at higher risk of exposure, and textile workers are no exception. Those involved in fabric production may come into contact with dyes, pigments, and other chemicals that can contain lead, particularly in countries with weaker chemical regulations. Research shows that occupational exposure to these substances can cause respiratory, skin, and gastrointestinal symptoms, and may even increase the risk of cancer.¹ Many factory workers, however, are not adequately informed about safety procedures or provided with proper protective equipment. These findings highlight the need for stronger precautions and practical steps to protect both workers and consumers from potential chemical hazards.

Recommendations

Skin contact with contaminated clothing can expose both consumers and workers to toxic chemicals.¹¹ Taking the right precautions to limit lead exposure from clothing is important for protecting yourself and your loved ones: 

• Wash new clothes before wearing: Always wash new clothes, separately from the rest of your laundry. This helps remove surface chemicals, dyes, and residues that may contain lead.¹² 

• Reuse and repair what you already own: You do not need to discard clothing you already have. Re-wear, mend, or upcycle your existing wardrobe to get the most out of your clothing while minimizing exposure. 

• Choose clothing and accessories more mindfully: When possible, prioritize higher-quality items and durable materials. While affordability is important, opting for well-made pieces can reduce reliance on items that may contain higher levels of toxic chemicals.

• Take precautions if you work with lead: If you or a household member work in jobs or hobbies that involve lead (e.g., construction, battery recycling, auto repair, ceramics), wash your hands before leaving work, change clothes and shoes before coming home, wash work clothes separately, and shower as soon as possible to reduce take-home lead exposure.¹²

• Ask for a blood lead test: You can ask your doctor for a blood lead test at any routine visit. It can help identify lead poisoning and monitor treatment progress. Children should be tested at ages 12 and 24 months, or at least once by 6 years old.

References

1. Pinto VCD, Peleg Mizrachi M. The health impact of fast fashion: Exploring toxic chemicals in clothing and textiles. Encyclopedia. 2025;5(2):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5020084
2. Sima MF. Determination of some heavy metals and their health risk in T-shirts printed for a special program. PLoS One. 2022;17(9):e0274952. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274952 
3. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Total lead content. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Accessed December 17, 2025. https://www.cpsc.gov/FAQ/Total-Lead-Content. 
4. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Bentex recalls children’s clothing sets due to violation of the federal lead paint and lead content ban; Lead poisoning hazard. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. November 23, 2022. Accessed December 17, 2025. https://www.cpsc.gov/FAQ/Total-Lead-Content. 
5. Cowley J, Matteis S, Agro C. Experts warn of high levels of chemicals in clothes by some fast-fashion retailers. CBCnews. Published October 1, 2021. Accessed November 18, 2025. https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/marketplace-fast-fashion-chemicals-1.6193385  
6. Moher C, Bañuelos M. Fashion accessory testing report 2024. Center for Environmental Health. 2024. Accessed December 23, 2025. https://ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Fashion-Accessory-Testing-Report-2024-2.pdf. 
7. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Yaomiao children’s jewelry sets recalled due to risk of lead and cadmium poisoning; Violations of the federal lead content ban and federal hazardous substances act; Sold exclusively on Amazon by LordRoads. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. January 2, 2025. Accessed December 17, 2025. https://www.cpsc.gov/FAQ/Total-Lead-Content. 
8. Yost JL, Weidenhamer JD. Accessible and total lead in low-cost jewelry items. Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2008;4(3):358-361. doi:10.1897/IEAM_2007-071.1 
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leave lead at work. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). October 25, 2023. Accessed December 18, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2024-101/pdfs/2024-101revised102023.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2024101. 
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People at increased risk for childhood lead poisoning. Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. April 10, 2024. Accessed December 18, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2024-101/pdfs/2024-101revised102023.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2024101. 
11. Radcliff N. Hazardous hems: How fashion wreaks havoc on health. Earth Day. October 23, 2025. Accessed December 18, 2025. https://www.earthday.org/hazardous-hems-how-fashion-wreaks-havoc-on-health/
12. Achutan C, Carlson K, LeVanseler K, Couch J. Residential washing machine efficacy in removing lead from clothing: A pilot study. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2025;22(10):779-787. doi:10.1080/15459624.2025.2497871

The post Clothing as a Potential Source of Lead Exposure appeared first on Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

Drinking Water Contamination

Using drinking water samples collected from household taps across all 10 sub-cities (the city’s main administrative districts) of Addis Ababa, one study tested water from 88 homes. Researchers collected water after running each tap for two minutes to remove stagnant water sitting inside the pipes. Even after flushing, which typically reduces contamination from plumbing corrosion, more than half of the samples still exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 10 micrograms per liter (µg/L), with concentrations ranging from 0.36 to 146.1 µg/L.² Using these same household tap water measurements, researchers estimated what children’s blood lead levels might be if they regularly drank this water. Estimated average blood lead levels ranged from 3.23 to 14.65 µg/dL. When water lead levels were highest among the samples tested, the study estimated that about 9 out of 10 children would have blood lead levels above 5 µg/dL.²

Lead was also found in drinking water used in kindergarten schools in Addis Ababa. The average concentration was 62.37 µg/L among samples collected from 38 kindergarten schools.³ The study also analyzed “raw water,” meaning untreated water entering the city’s three major treatment plants (Akaki, Legedadi, and Gefersa). Lead levels in raw water from all plants exceeded WHO guideline values before treatment. 

Using drinking water measurements from kindergarten schools, researchers estimated that approximately 20 percent of children attending these schools would have blood lead levels above 10 µg/dL.³

Lead-Based Paint

Lead-based paint is another major concern. A study conducted by PAN-Ethiopia and IPEN tested solvent-based decorative paints for home use sold in Ethiopia and found that 75 percent exceeded the international limit of 90 parts per million (ppm), a threshold used in many countries and reflected in a draft national regulation by Ethiopia’s Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Forty-two percent contained more than 10,000 ppm, and some reached 100,000 ppm.⁴ These tests specifically evaluated new decorative paints sold on the consumer market, not legacy paint in older homes or buildings. These findings suggest that newly sold paints may continue to contribute to lead exposure in residential and child-occupied settings.

Environmental and Occupational Pathways

Informal used lead-acid battery recycling is one of the most significant sources of lead contamination in Ethiopian urban neighborhoods. PAN-Ethiopia (Pesticide Action Nexus Association), an Ethiopian non-governmental organization that studies chemical and environmental health hazards, documented workers engaged in these activities:

• dismantling batteries by hand
• melting lead in open-air furnaces
• handling battery acid without protective equipment
• disposing of lead waste directly on bare soil inside residential compounds

These activities release lead dust and fumes that spread into surrounding homes and outdoor play areas. A newspaper investigation from Addis Ababa described similar conditions, including informal battery smelting occurring next to homes in residential areas, which places other household members and nearby residents at risk of lead exposure due to the close proximity of recycling activities to living spaces.⁵

Lead exposure also affects workers in the automotive sector. A study of employees at the Anbessa City Bus Service Enterprise (the largest public bus operator in Addis Ababa) compared the BLLs of garage workers with office workers. Garage workers had an average blood lead level of 29.7 µg/dL, compared with 14.8 µg/dL among office staff; higher blood lead levels among garage workers were associated with longer working hours, more years of service, and prior employment in garage settings, as reported in the study.⁶ More than 20 percent of garage workers had levels above 40 µg/dL. Longer work hours, more years on the job, and prior employment in metal and garage environments were associated with higher BLLs.

Lead in Food and Household Products

Lead has also been detected in foods commonly used in Ethiopian households. A study of red pepper, ginger, turmeric, and korarima sold in the North Shewa Zone (a central region located north of Addis Ababa) found lead concentrations between 14.5 and 28.4 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). These values exceed the World Health Organization’s permissible limit for lead in spices, which ranges from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg. The levels found in this study were far above World Health Organization permissible limits for lead in spices, indicating that these commonly consumed foods may serve as a source of dietary lead exposure, with contamination likely originating from agricultural soil, irrigation water, grinding tools, or handling during distribution.⁷

Another study evaluated 211 spice samples collected from Addis Ababa (central Ethiopia), Adama (central-southeastern Ethiopia), and Arba Minch (southern Ethiopia). None of the samples showed evidence of intentional lead-pigment adulteration. All samples screened below 5 ppm using handheld X-ray fluorescence devices, and a laboratory-tested subset contained less than 2 ppm.⁸ These results suggest that lead found in some spices is most likely from environmental contamination.

Limited Capacity to Respond

Research conducted by Ethiopian scientists, universities, and partner organizations has documented multiple sources of lead exposure in Ethiopia, including drinking water, paint, and informal recycling activities. As a result, children who are exposed to lead are unlikely to be identified through systematic screening, and opportunities for environmental follow-up are limited.

Studies from Addis Ababa show that lead has been measured at household taps and in untreated source water entering drinking water treatment plants, with levels exceeding World Health Organization guideline values in multiple parts of the city.^2,3 High lead levels have also been documented in newly sold decorative paints, indicating that people may continue to be exposed through consumer products.⁴

Informal battery recycling often occurs within or near residential areas, contributing to contaminated soil and dust where children live and play. People involved in recycling and other lead-related activities may also carry lead dust into their homes on clothing, skin, or shoes, creating opportunities for secondary exposure among household members, including infants and young children.

Overall, lead exposure in Ethiopia occurs through multiple pathways, while systems for routine testing, monitoring, and follow-up remain limited.

Opportunities for Action

Research findings point to several areas where action could reduce exposure:

• Strengthen enforcement on lead in paint, drinking water systems, and battery recycling activities. 
• Expand laboratory capacity and integrate blood lead testing into maternal and child health services.
• Transition informal battery recyclers into regulated operations with safer equipment and environmental protections.
• Remediate contaminated soil in high-risk residential neighborhoods and school areas.
• Conduct community education campaigns about lead sources and prevention strategies.
• Increase monitoring of consumer products, including spices, to identify contaminated items.

Awareness of lead exposure in Ethiopia is growing thanks to the efforts of PAN-Ethiopia, IPEN, and the Lead Exposure Elimination Project. Global work by UNICEF and Pure Earth has also helped highlight Ethiopia’s lead burden, creating more space for conversations, solutions, and progress that can support safer environments for children and families.

Learn More

The Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (NvCLPPP) provides resources to help families understand and reduce lead exposure risks. To learn more about global work to prevent lead poisoning, visit www.pureearth.org  or www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead.

References

1. UNICEF & Pure Earth. The Toxic Truth: Children’s Exposure to Lead Pollution Undermines a Generation of Future Potential. unicef. 2020. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://www.unicef.org/media/73246/file/The-toxic-truth-children%E2%80%99s-exposure-to-lead-pollution-2020.pdf
2. Endale YT, Ambelu A, Sahilu G. G, Mees B, Du Laing G. Exposure and health risk assessment from consumption of Pb contaminated water in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2021;7(9):e07946. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07946
3. Debebe D, Behulu F, Getaneh Z. Predicting children’s blood lead levels from exposure to school drinking water in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Journal of Water and Health. 2020;18(4):595-601. doi:10.2166/wh.2020.248
4. PAN-Ethiopia & IPEN. New Study Still Finds High Lead Content in Many Ethiopian Paints | IPEN. 2017. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://ipen.org/news/new-study-still-finds-high-lead-content-many-ethiopian-paints
5. Addis Fortune. Lead Recycling Pollutes Addis Abeba’s Backyards. 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://addisfortune.news/lead-recycling-pollutes-addis-abebas-backyards
6. Abebe MT, Kumie A, Ayana SW, Assefa T, Ambaw W. Assessment of occupational exposure to lead among workers engaged in a city bus garage in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2024;19(1):26. doi:10.1186/s12995-024-00422-9
7. Adugna T, Selale G, Regassa G. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents in Some Common Spices Available in the Local Market of North Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024;202(7):3349-3361. doi:10.1007/s12011-023-03921-8
8. Lead Exposure Elimination Project. Testing spices for lead content in Türkiye and Ethiopia. 2024. Accessed January 6, 2026. https://leadelimination.org/spices-studies-turkiye-ethiopia/

The post Understanding Lead Exposure in Ethiopia appeared first on Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.

The product was distributed nationwide via the Navafresh website. One adverse complaint related to this recall has been received by the company to date. Consumers are advised to report adverse reactions or quality problems to the FDA’s MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program:

• Online: http://www.fda.gov/MedWatch/report.htm

• Regular Mail or Fax: Download form www.fda.gov/MedWatch/getforms.htm OR call 1-800-332-1088 to request a reporting form, then complete and return to the address on the pre-addressed form or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178.

 Rheumacare Capsules, Virgo

Image Source: FDA

Why Is This a Concern?

The Rheumacare Capsules are an Ayurvedic herbal supplement marketed to relieve joint pain. FDA testing found extremely high levels of lead in the product (up to 11,100 parts per million), which far exceed permissible levels. Some traditional Ayurvedic medicines may contain heavy metals such as lead, mercury, or arsenic that are not always disclosed on the label or properly controlled during manufacturing. 

There is no safe level of exposure to lead. Lead can build up in the body over time, and even small amounts can cause serious health effects, including abdominal pain, nausea, anemia, nerve damage, and reproductive health complications such as miscarriage or infertility. Since this product is taken orally and may be used regularly for chronic pain, it poses a significant public health risk, particularly for pregnant people, children, and people who use herbal or traditional medicines frequently. 

Ayurvedic products like Rheumacare are not FDA-approved. Consumers may not be aware of the health risks associated with unapproved Ayurvedic medicines. The FDA has warned that using products with harmful levels of heavy metals may lead to heavy metal poisoning, especially with ongoing use. 

What Should You Do?

1. Do not use this product or give this to your child. 
2. Return the product for a full refund and discard immediately. 
3. Call your healthcare provider if you are concerned about potential lead exposure and ask about a blood lead level test. 
4. Questions? Contact the company at +1 442-223-0999 or at legal@handelnine.com, Monday to Friday, 10 AM – 5 PM GMT. 

Read the full Recall Announcement here. 

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1 Quart Aluminum Saucepan (Item no. 35400, SKU 843784003559)

1.5 Quart Aluminum Saucepan (Item no. 35401, SKU 843784003566)

2 Quart Aluminum Saucepan (Item no. 35402, SKU 843784003573)

 3 Quart Aluminum Saucepan (Item no. 35403, SKU 843784003580)

Why Is This a Concern?

Town Food Service supplies restaurants and other retailers across the United States with their cookware products. The saucepans were distributed to retailers in 34 states, including Nevada, as well as Puerto Rico and Quebec City, Canada, between January 1, 2023 and November 30, 2025. Certain cookware made of aluminum, brass, and aluminum alloys (like Hindalium/Hindolium or Indalium/Indolium) can release lead during cooking or food storage and contaminate food.

There is no safe level of lead. Even small amounts can harm a child’s growth, learning, and development. It can also be dangerous for pregnant people and their unborn child. Parents should take these next steps to protect their family from lead exposure:

What Should You Do?

1. Do not use these products to cook or store food. 
2. Do not donate or refurbish these products.
3. Return the products for a full refund. 
4. Use stainless steel or other safer alternatives whenever possible. 
5. Call your healthcare provider if you are concerned about potential lead exposure and ask about a blood lead level test. 
6. Questions? Contact Town Food at 718-388-5650, Monday through Friday, 9 AM to 5 PM EST. 

Read the full FDA announcement here. 

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